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Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional de estudiantes universitarios para proponer recomendaciones adecuadas de alimentación, con la finalidad de prevenir la COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: Los alumnos participantes fueron evaluados mediante un estudio transversal, se diseñaron y aplicaron encuestas de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos semanal, con la finalidad de obtener información relacionada con hábitos alimenticios y sintomatología; la evaluación antropométrica y la toma de muestras sanguíneas para la realización de hemograma se realizaron bajo la normatividad ética estandarizada. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística multifactorial utilizando para ello el programa EPI INFOTM. Adicionalmente, se realizó una revisión de la literatura en base de datos con relación a los nutrientes adecuados y recomendados para prevenir la COVID-19. Resultados: Se evaluó un grupo de 42 estudiantes universitarios (n=42) cuya edad oscila entre los 18 y 22 años de edad. Más del 95% de los jóvenes declararon consumir carbohidratos como su principal fuente de alimento; por otro lado, un 76% presentó un IMC dentro de los parámetros normales (19-24.9 Kg/m2). Se estimaron recuentos bajos de hemoglobina con una prevalencia del 11.90% entre el grupo participante. Conclusiones: La alimentación sigue siendo la clave para la salud y el bienestar del ser humano. Para mejorar el sistema inmunitario se recomienda el consumo variado de alimentos naturales, en lugar de alimentos con alto contenido de azúcares, harinas y grasas. Dentro de los alimentos con mayor potencial para la prevención de la COVID-19 se encuentran los frutos secos, los huevos, el pescado, los vegetales de hoja verde y los granos enteros. El consumo de fitoquímicos y nutracéuticos puede prevenir y fortalecer inmunológicamente al organismo para combatir la infección por SARS- CoV-2.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of university students to propose the appropriate diet recommendations to prevent COVID-19 Materials and Methods: The participating students were evaluated using a cross- sectional study by feeding and symptoms through weekly food consumption frequency surveys; the anthropometric evaluation and the taking of blood samples were carried out under standardized ethical regulations. Statistical analysis was performed by multifactorial logistic regression analysis using the EPI INFO TM. A literature review was developed in a database where the appropriate nutrients to prevent COVID-19 are described. Results: A group of university students (n = 42) between 18 and 22 years old was evaluated. More than 95% of the young people declared consuming carbohydrates as their primary food source. On the other hand, 76% showed a BMI within normal parameters (19-24.9 Kg /m2). Low hemoglobin counts were estimated with a prevalence of 11.90% among the participating group. Conclusions: Food remains the key to human health and well-being. Consumption of phytochemicals and nutraceuticals can prevent and even treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the foods with the most significant potential for preventing COVID-19 are nuts, eggs, fish, green leafy vegetables, and whole grains. The consumption of phytochemicals and nutraceuticals can prevent and even treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ABSTRACT
Background: Allergic rhinitis and sinusitis are common diseases that affect quality of life of pediatric and adult patients. Aim: To adapt and validate the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 indicators (SNOT-20) survey in Chilean subjects. Material and Methods: In a psychometric validation study, an adapted version of the SNOT-20 adapted version was applied to 181 volunteers on two different occasions, three weeks apart. Feasibility (response time and perceived difficulty), reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity (concurrent validity, correlating results with an independent instrument; predictive validity assessing its sensitivity to detect changes and discriminate validity, assessing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves), were assessed. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to confirm the presence of previously described underlying constructs. Results: Eighty percent of participants considered SNOT-20 easy to complete. This task was completed in less than 5 minutes. Cronbach's alpha was 0.946. Temporal stability on a healthy subgroup was strong with an intraclass correlation coefficient of0.92. SNOT-20 had a correlation coefficient of0.82 with an independent instrument and its score significantly decreased after 3 weeks of treatment (p = 0.003). The area under ROC curve was 0.895. Factor analysis identified four principal components which possessed identical structure as previously described. Conclusions: SNOT-20 survey was valid, reliable and easy to implement among Chilean subjects.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Chile , Cultural Characteristics , Epidemiologic Methods , Language , Psychometrics , TranslatingABSTRACT
Introducción: El clearance mucociliar normal es el mecanismo de defensa básico de las vías respiratorias. Sin embargo, los mecanismos de control ciliar aún se desconocen. Con el fin de entenderlo mejor, se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas de cultivo de células ciliadas. Objetivos: Desarrollar un modelo experimental a partir de cultivos primarios de tejido adenoideo y cornete medio. Caracterizarla respuesta a adenosin trifosfato (ATP), agonista conocido de la frecuencia de batido ciliar (FBC). Material y método: Cultivos primarios a partir de explantes de epitelio adenoideo y cornete medio humano. Medición de FBC, con técnica de microfotodensitometría, en condición basal y en respuesta a ATP a diferentes concentraciones. Resultados: La FBC basal (promedio (X) + - desv estándar (DE)) para los cultivos de cornete medio fue 11,9 + -1,5 Hz y para tejido adenoideo fue 10,9 + - 1,9 (p >0,05). Se observó un aumento en la FBC en respuesta a ATP, dosis dependiente. No hubo diferencia significativa en la FBC basal ni en la respuesta a ATP entre cultivos de cornete medio y adenoides. Conclusión: El cultivo primario de células ciliadas nasales a partir de explantes de adenoides, es un modelo experimental reproducible, en el que es posible observar actividad ciliary una respuesta funcional concordante con lo descrito en la literatura.
Introduction. Mucociliary clearance constitutes the main defense mechanism of the airway, but the mechanisms of ciliary control are still unknown. With the aim of a better understanding of this process, many ciliated cells culture techniques have been developed. Aims. 1. To develop an experimental model based on primary cultures from adenoid and middle turbinate tissue. 2. To characterize in this model the response to ATP, a known agonist of ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Material and Method. Primary cultures derived from human adenoid tissue and middle turbinate epithelial explants were obtained. CFB was measured by microphotodensitometry, both in basal conditions and in response to ATP at different concentrations. Results. Basal CFB (average (X) +- standard deviation (SD)) for middle turbinate cultures was 11.9 +-1.5 Hz, and for adenoid tissue was 10.9 +-1.9 Hz (p< 0.05). A CBF increase was observed in response to ATP, in a dose-dependent manner. No significant difference in basal CFB or in response to ATP was found between middle turbinate and adenoid cultures. Conclusion. Primary culture of nasal ciliated cells derived from adenoid explants is a reproducible experimental model, in which it is possible to observe both ciliary activity and a functional response in accordance to what has been reported in the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology , Cilia/physiology , Turbinates/cytology , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Culture Media , Respiratory Mucosa/cytology , Dose-Response Relationship, DrugSubject(s)
Humans , Child , Immunocompromised Host , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/microbiology , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/microbiology , Sinusitis/therapy , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Mucormycosis/complications , Risk Factors , Rhinitis/classification , Signs and Symptoms , Sinusitis/classificationSubject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Maxillary Sinusitis/diagnosis , Bacteria, Aerobic/pathogenicity , Punctures , Maxillary Sinusitis/drug therapy , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
La sinusitis maxilar aguda es una patología fundamentalmente bacteriana. Se estudiaron 24 enfermos mediante punción del seno maxilar, y en el 63% de ellos hubo desarrollo bacteriano. Las bacterias más frecuentes aisladas fueron: H. influenzae y S. pneumoniae. Los antimicrobianos deben contemplar buena actividad frente a estas bacterias, para lograr el éxito terapéutico